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In film, a study of gender portrayals in 855 of the most financially successful U.S. įemale and male characters in film, according to four studies And how small a part of a woman's life is that. It was strange to think that all the great women of fiction were, until Jane Austen's day, not only seen by the other sex, but seen only in relation to the other sex. But almost without exception they are shown in their relation to men. They are now and then mothers and daughters. And I tried to remember any case in the course of my reading where two women are represented as friends. In her 1929 essay A Room of One's Own, Virginia Woolf observed about the literature of her time what the Bechdel test would later highlight in more recent fiction: Īll these relationships between women, I thought, rapidly recalling the splendid gallery of fictitious women, are too simple. History Gender portrayal in popular fiction After the test became more widely discussed in the 2000s, a number of variants and tests inspired by it emerged. Bechdel credited the idea to her friend Liz Wallace and the writings of Virginia Woolf. The test is named after the American cartoonist Alison Bechdel, in whose 1985 comic strip Dykes to Watch Out For the test first appeared. Media industry studies indicate that films that pass the test perform better financially than those that do not. Rather, the test is used as an indicator for the active presence of women in the entire field of film and other fiction, and to call attention to gender inequality in fiction. Passing or failing the test is not necessarily indicative of how well women are represented in any specific work. The requirement that the two women are named is sometimes added.

The test asks whether a work features at least two women who talk to each other about something other than a man. The Bechdel test ( / ˈ b ɛ k d əl/ BEK-dəl), also known as the Bechdel-Wallace test, is a measure of the representation of women in film and other fiction. The test was created by and named after the American cartoonist Alison Bechdel.

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